Commensalism is which type of interspecific interaction?

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Multiple Choice

Commensalism is which type of interspecific interaction?

Explanation:
Commensalism is an interspecific interaction in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected. In ecology, we express these effects with signs: + for benefit, − for harm, and 0 for no effect, so commensalism is written as +/0. A classic example is barnacles on a whale: the barnacle gains access to nutrients as the whale moves, while the whale is largely unchanged. Another example is certain epiphytic plants growing on tree trunks, where the plant benefits from support and access to light, but the tree is not helped or harmed. The other patterns describe different relationships: a +/− interaction involves harm to one partner (parasitism or predation), a +/+ interaction benefits both (mutualism), and a −/− interaction harms both (competition or antagonism).

Commensalism is an interspecific interaction in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected. In ecology, we express these effects with signs: + for benefit, − for harm, and 0 for no effect, so commensalism is written as +/0. A classic example is barnacles on a whale: the barnacle gains access to nutrients as the whale moves, while the whale is largely unchanged. Another example is certain epiphytic plants growing on tree trunks, where the plant benefits from support and access to light, but the tree is not helped or harmed. The other patterns describe different relationships: a +/− interaction involves harm to one partner (parasitism or predation), a +/+ interaction benefits both (mutualism), and a −/− interaction harms both (competition or antagonism).

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